“With the waning of globalization, post–Cold War world is becoming a site of sovereign nationalism.” – Elucidate

“With the waning of globalization, post–Cold War world is becoming a site of sovereign nationalism.” – Elucidate

Introduction

Globalization, once seen as an unstoppable force post–Cold War, is now witnessing retreat due to protectionism, geopolitical rivalries, and crises like COVID-19. This has paved the way for assertive sovereign nationalism, where states reassert economic, political, and cultural autonomy.

 

Waning of Globalization

  • Trade Protectionism: Rise of tariffs, reshoring, and supply-chain diversification (e.g., US–China trade war, India’s Atmanirbhar Bharat).
  • Geopolitical Rivalries: Ukraine war leading to sanctions, energy nationalism, weaponization of trade.
  • Technological Sovereignty: Digital protectionism, data localization laws, restrictions on 5G and AI exports.
  • Pandemic Disruptions: COVID-19 exposed vulnerabilities of global supply chains → shift to self-reliance.

Rise of Sovereign Nationalism

  • Economic Nationalism: Preference for domestic manufacturing, subsidies (e.g., US Inflation Reduction Act, EU’s strategic autonomy).
  • Political Nationalism: Stronger border controls, anti-immigration sentiments (e.g., Brexit, Trump’s “America First”).
  • Cultural & Identity Assertion: Revival of civilizational pride (e.g., India’s cultural diplomacy, Turkey’s neo-Ottoman identity).
  • Strategic Sovereignty: Multipolarity leading to non-alignment-style strategies (India balancing QUAD & BRICS; ASEAN’s hedging).

Balanced Perspective

  • While sovereign nationalism is rising, global interdependence persists in finance, climate change, pandemics, and technology.
  • Instead of “de-globalization,” the trend is toward “re-globalization with national safeguards.”

 

Conclusion

The post–Cold War world is shifting from hyper-globalization to guarded sovereignty, where nations assert independence in economy, security, and identity. This trend reflects a rebalancing between global integration and national self-reliance, shaping the contours of 21st-century geopolitics.

 Note: This model Answer for Reference Purpose only

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