India–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement भारत-न्यूजीलैंड मुक्त व्यापार समझौता (एफटीए) UPSC
“The India–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (FTA) marks a shift from tariff-centric trade deals to long-term strategic economic partnerships.” Discuss (250 Words) Introduction The India–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (FTA), concluded in December 2025, represents a qualitative shift in India’s trade diplomacy. Moving beyond conventional tariff reduction, the agreement emphasises investment flows, services, skill mobility, and strategic cooperation, reflecting India’s evolving approach towards long-term economic partnerships. Key Features of the FTA The agreement grants zero-duty market access to 100% of India’s exports to New Zealand, while India will reduce tariffs on 95% of New Zealand’s imports, with over half becoming duty-free from the first day. A major highlight is New Zealand’s commitment to invest USD 20 billion in India by 2030, backed by clawback provisions. The FTA also facilitates services trade, including Ayurveda, yoga, and traditional medicine, and enhances ...