How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047? How can biotechnology can play a crucial role in this endeavour? (150 Words) upsc mains 2025 gs3 model answers

How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047? How can biotechnology can play a crucial role in this endeavour? (150 Words)

Introduction

India, the world’s third-largest energy consumer, imports over 85% of its crude oil and 50% of its natural gas, making energy security a strategic challenge. The government has set a vision of achieving energy independence by 2047, coinciding with 100 years of Independence. This transition must be driven by clean technologies to align with India’s net-zero 2070 commitment.

 

Pathways to Energy Independence through Clean Technology

  1. Renewable Energy Expansion
    • Scaling up solar, wind, and hydro capacity to reduce fossil fuel dependence.
    • Target: 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030.
  2. Green Hydrogen Mission
    • Substituting fossil fuels in industry and mobility.
    • Target: 5 MMT of green hydrogen production annually by 2030.
  3. Electrification of Mobility
    • EV adoption with indigenous battery manufacturing and charging networks.
  4. Nuclear and Fusion Research
    • Investment in nuclear energy (both fission and fusion projects like ITER).
  5. Energy Efficiency & Smart Grids
    • Reducing demand intensity through efficient appliances, smart meters, and digital grids.
  6. Domestic Manufacturing and Critical Minerals
    • Atmanirbhar push for solar panels, wind turbines, and battery storage.

 

Role of Biotechnology in Achieving Energy Independence

  1. Biofuels and Biogas
    • Second and third-generation biofuels from crop residues, algae, and municipal waste to reduce oil imports.
    • Ethanol Blending Programme aims at 20% blending by 2025–26.
  2. Waste-to-Energy
    • Converting agricultural and urban waste into bio-CNG and electricity, addressing both energy and pollution challenges.
  3. Algal Bioenergy
    • Microalgae can produce bio-oil and hydrogen, serving as sustainable feedstock.
  4. Industrial Biotechnology
    • Development of biorefineries for integrated production of fuels, chemicals, and fertilizers.
  5. Carbon Capture through Bioengineering
    • Genetically modified microbes and plants can enhance carbon sequestration, supporting decarbonisation.

 

Conclusion

Energy independence by 2047 will require a multi-pronged clean technology approach—renewables, green hydrogen, nuclear, and energy efficiency. Within this, biotechnology can be a game-changer by providing sustainable fuels, reducing carbon footprint, and enhancing energy access. A synergy between clean technology and biotechnology innovations can enable India to achieve both energy security and environmental sustainability in its centenary year of independence.

Note: This model Answer for Reference Purpose only

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